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Coffee is the world's most popular hot drink, and every stage of its production (storage, roasting, grinding and packing) changes the moisture content of the bean.

During roasting, water is driven off as steam, so the bean loses weight while expanding in volume, and its density drops. That shift affects flavour development, strength in the cup and how much coffee fits into a fixed-volume bag or capsule. Controlling moisture throughout the process is therefore central to quality, roasting consistency, packaging stability and compliance with moisture limits.

Why Measure Moisture?

Variable incoming moisture makes roasting difficult to control. If one lot of green beans arrives at 11% and the next at 13%, the same heat profile can leave one batch underdeveloped and scorch the other. Measuring moisture inline before roasting shows engineers how much energy each lot needs, so profiles can be adjusted.

After roasting, beans can gain or lose water during cooling, silo storage and transfer, particularly where humidity varies. Without continuous monitoring, this drift may only show up in lab results once several batches are affected.

Grinding introduces further variables. Ground coffee that is too wet can clump, dose inconsistently and compact unpredictably in pods, while product that is too dry creates dust, segregation and packing voids. Before packaging, accurate moisture data protects shelf life: excess water accelerates staling, while too little can compromise sensory quality. For moisture-limited products such as pods and instant coffee, in-process sensors add a safeguard before the filler.

Where to Measure Moisture?

Hydronix microwave moisture sensors can be fitted at several points on a coffee line:

• Before roasting: in transfer pipes, chutes or feed sections, to monitor green bean condition.

• After roasting or silo storage: to track changes before grinding, blending or packing.

• Before grinding: to confirm whole beans entering the grinder are within range.

• After grinding: where a stable, representative flow crosses the sensor face.

• Before packing: a final in-process check, and one of the most valuable measurement points.

For a representative reading, the sensor should sit where material flows consistently across the sensing face with sufficient depth, minimal air gaps or stagnant material, and a practical sampling point nearby.

Choosing the Right Sensor

The Hydro-Probe XT is inserted into the material stream and suits pipes, chutes and transfer points, such as monitoring green beans before roasting. It has a proven track record in coffee applications. The Hydro-Mix XT mounts flush with hopper, bin or mixer walls, combining a hard-wearing ceramic faceplate with a stainless-steel body, making it ideal for ground coffee before packing. Explosive-atmosphere and food-safe versions are available.

Conclusion

Moisture influences coffee at every stage, from roasting behaviour and grinding consistency to packaging stability, shelf life and compliance. Laboratory testing remains essential for reference and calibration, but Hydronix in-process sensors deliver continuous visibility between those checks, helping manufacturers make better decisions, protect quality and reduce waste.

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The recent confirmation of Nipah virus cases in eastern India has brought renewed attention to one of the world’s most dangerous zoonotic diseases.

Although health officials have confirmed that the outbreak is limited and under control, anxiety is growing among farmers and livestock owners who depend on healthy animals for their livelihoods. A key concern is whether Nipah virus can affect farm animals such as cows and buffalo, and whether agriculture could face indirect losses.

Nipah virus belongs to the Henipavirus family and was first identified during the 1998–99 outbreak in Malaysia. That event highlighted how animal to human transmission can accelerate infections, particularly when livestock are involved. Since then, several outbreaks have been reported across South and Southeast Asia, including India, often with severe consequences for human health.

Fruit bats of the Pteropus species are known to be the natural hosts of the virus. These bats do not show symptoms but shed the virus through saliva, urine and droppings. Humans may become infected by consuming contaminated food, coming into contact with infected animals or through close contact with infected people. In humans, illness can range from mild fever to severe respiratory distress and encephalitis, with fatality rates reported between 40 and 75 percent.

For the farming community, the most pressing question is the risk to cattle and buffalo. Current scientific evidence shows that pigs are the only confirmed domestic animals that can amplify and spread Nipah virus. While antibodies have been detected in some animals like goats, horses and pets, there is no confirmed evidence of natural infection or disease in cows or buffalo. Importantly, no human Nipah cases have ever been linked directly to cattle or dairy animals.

However, India’s mixed farming systems mean humans, livestock and wildlife often share the same spaces. Fruit bats may contaminate fodder, grazing land or water sources. Even if cattle do not become ill, they could unintentionally carry contaminated material closer to people.

Experts stress that there is no need for panic. Milk and meat from healthy animals remain safe, and no restrictions have been placed on livestock trade. Simple hygiene, protected feed storage and awareness are key. As environmental change brings people and wildlife closer together, Nipah virus serves as a reminder that animal health and human health are deeply connected.

Growers across the world are set to step into 2026 with a powerful new advantage: earlier and more accurate detection of four major moth pests, thanks to an upgraded PATS-C monitoring model.

From the start of the year, users of this cutting-edge system will gain faster insight into early pest pressure, enabling them to intervene long before caterpillar damage takes hold an increasingly vital capability as chemical control options become more restricted.

The newly enhanced model is the result of years of intensive data collection combined with invaluable on-the-ground feedback from growers. PATS has built this breakthrough on over half a million recorded insect flights and more than 12,000 minutes of visual reference data across eight key crops, including tomato, bell pepper and gerbera. Each report of a false positive helps refine the system further, and with hundreds of companies worldwide contributing standardised data, the accuracy continues to strengthen for the entire industry.

At the core of the upgrade is the ability of PATS-C to capture the unique flight paths of each moth, generating precise biometrics that allow the model to differentiate between pest species with remarkable accuracy. The update specifically supports early identification of four of the most economically damaging pests: Tomato looper moth (Chrysodeixis chalcites), Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta), European pepper moth (Duponchelia fovealis) and Banana moth (Opogona sacchari). These pests threaten vegetables, fruit crops and ornamentals globally making accurate detection essential for preventing damaging outbreaks.

With PATS-C already deployed in more than twenty countries, this update marks a major step forward for global crop protection and greenhouse pest management. The timing could not be more significant: from 1 January 2026, growers will face tighter restrictions on crop protection products, reducing the availability and flexibility of chemical solutions. In this landscape, early detection and real-time monitoring become critical tools for maintaining healthy crops.

The new model also strengthens predictive capabilities. Integrated with PATS-Vinder, the system can forecast the appearance of the first caterpillars up to seven days before hatching. This allows growers to plan labour, biological controls and interventions with pinpoint accuracy something traditional pheromone traps simply cannot achieve. Many early pest generations slip through unnoticed using older tools, often leading to severe outbreaks later in the season.

PATS’ data-driven approach is also helping reveal regional and national pest patterns. As Bram Tijmons from PATS said,"A significant moment occurred on the first real hot night of 2025, when large numbers of Tomato loopers entered nearly all monitored greenhouses across the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. This enabled us to send highly targeted warnings to vegetable growers. The response was remarkable: both users and non-users immediately recognised the first signs of increased pressure and were able to act accordingly."

New PATS-C users will begin with the upgraded system immediately, while existing users will transition gradually, with all installations updated by early January. With stronger forecasting, real-time insights, and earlier alerts, growers now have a powerful, sustainable tool to stay one step ahead of moth pests throughout 2026 and beyond.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) has designated seven provinces Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeollanam-do as the first-ever “Green Bio Industry Promotion Zones” in accordance with Article 15 of the Act on the Promotion of the Green Bio Industry.

This milestone marks a significant step in the Republic of Korea’s strategy to strengthen its green bioeconomy and drive sustainable industrial growth.

Introduced for the first time this year, the Green Bio Industry Promotion Zone system is designed to establish a comprehensive, region-led framework for business support. The initiative is built around provincial hubs where green bio companies, universities, research institutes, and essential infrastructure for technology verification and certification are closely integrated. Through this clustered approach, local governments are expected to play a leading role in nurturing innovation, accelerating technology transfer, and supporting market-ready solutions.

The selected zones were evaluated and designated following a rigorous assessment process. Key criteria included industrial growth potential, implementation capacity, policy relevance, and overall feasibility. This ensures that each province is well positioned to contribute effectively to the national green bio strategy while leveraging its own regional strengths and resources.

The green-bio industry itself is regarded as a next-generation growth engine, encompassing six major sectors: microorganisms, natural products, food materials, insects, seeds, and veterinary medical products. With the designation of the Green Bio Industry Development Zones, collaboration networks among provinces are expected to deepen. In parallel, processes for verification, evaluation, certification, and commercialisation of green bio technologies and products are set to accelerate, helping to create a dynamic and competitive innovation ecosystem.

MAFRA plans to support the designated provinces by granting eligibility to participate in government-funded infrastructure development projects, including the Green Bio Venture Campus and advanced biofoundries. In addition, policy incentives will be provided to companies operating within the zones, further encouraging private-sector participation and investment in sustainable bio-based industries.

To ensure accountability and continuous improvement, MAFRA will receive quarterly performance reports from the local governments managing the designated zones. Annual performance evaluations will also be conducted to closely monitor implementation progress. Importantly, the results of these evaluations will be reflected in the formulation of policies for the following year, reinforcing a results-driven and adaptive governance approach.

Through these measures, the ROK aims to position itself at the forefront of green bio innovation, fostering regional development while advancing a resilient, sustainable bioeconomy aligned with global green growth trends.